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Vulvovaginal Disorders
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  • Diagnostic Algorithm
    • Diagnostic Algorithm
    • Annotations
      • A: The Vulvovaginal Patient
      • B: The patient’s history
      • C: Targeted (non-genital) physical examination
      • D: Patient tolerance for genital exam
      • E: Detailed, systematic vulvar examination
      • F: The vulvar architecture
      • G: Vulvar biopsy
      • H: The vulvar epithelium
      • I: Pain and symptom mapping and the Q-tip test
      • J: Lifestyle issues
      • K: Vulvar pain and vulvodynia
      • L: Exam of the hymenal ring and the pelvic floor
      • M: Speculum exam and examination of the cervix.
      • N: The vaginal architecture
      • O: The vaginal epithelium
      • P: Vaginal secretions, pH, microscopy and other testing
      • Q: Bimanual exam
      • R: Can you make a probable diagnosis?
  • Color Atlas
    • Introduction to Atlas
    • Dermatological Terminology
    • Morphological Approach
    • Atlas Topics (A-Z)
  • Microscopy
    • Microscopy, KOH, and pH testing
    • Principles of Testing
    • Low pH Table
    • Elevated pH Table
    • Synopsis Illustration
  • Pain Conditions
    • Vulvar Pain and Vulvodynia
    • Vaginismus/Pelvic Floor Dysfunction
    • Vulvovaginal Pain and Sexuality
  • Treatments
    • Treatment Plans
    • Overview – Skin
    • Overview – Pain
    • Etiologies
    • Education of Patient
  • Resources
    • Training Videos
    • Case Studies
    • Patient Handouts
    • 12 Steps to Proficiency
  • Home
  • About
    • About
    • Donate
    • Index of Topics
    • Contact
  • Diagnostic Algorithm
    • Diagnostic Algorithm
    • Annotations
      • A: The Vulvovaginal Patient
      • B: The patient’s history
      • C: Targeted (non-genital) physical examination
      • D: Patient tolerance for genital exam
      • E: Detailed, systematic vulvar examination
      • F: The vulvar architecture
      • G: Vulvar biopsy
      • H: The vulvar epithelium
      • I: Pain and symptom mapping and the Q-tip test
      • J: Lifestyle issues
      • K: Vulvar pain and vulvodynia
      • L: Exam of the hymenal ring and the pelvic floor
      • M: Speculum exam and examination of the cervix.
      • N: The vaginal architecture
      • O: The vaginal epithelium
      • P: Vaginal secretions, pH, microscopy and other testing
      • Q: Bimanual exam
      • R: Can you make a probable diagnosis?
  • Color Atlas
    • Introduction to Atlas
    • Dermatological Terminology
    • Morphological Approach
    • Atlas Topics (A-Z)
  • Microscopy
    • Microscopy, KOH, and pH testing
    • Principles of Testing
    • Low pH Table
    • Elevated pH Table
    • Synopsis Illustration
  • Pain Conditions
    • Vulvar Pain and Vulvodynia
    • Vaginismus/Pelvic Floor Dysfunction
    • Vulvovaginal Pain and Sexuality
  • Treatments
    • Treatment Plans
    • Overview – Skin
    • Overview – Pain
    • Etiologies
    • Education of Patient
  • Resources
    • Training Videos
    • Case Studies
    • Patient Handouts
    • 12 Steps to Proficiency
  • How to use this Atlas
  • Dermatological Terminology
  • Morphological categories of vulvar conditions and diseases
    1. Architectural Changes
      1. Architectural Changes of the Labia Minora, Prepuce, and Clitoris
        • Flattening of the Labia Minora at the Bases
        • Asymmetry of the Labia Minora
        • Loss of the Labia Minora
        • Agglutination of the Labia Minora to the Interlabial Sulcus
        • Fusion of the Labia Minora
        • Formation of Synechiae Anteriorly and/or Posteriorly
        • Scarring of the Prepuce to the Glans Clitoris
        • Fusion of the Prepuce
        • Loss of the Prepuce
      2. Labial Adhesions
      3. Hymenal Abnormalities
        • Septate Hymen
        • Imperforate Hymen
      4. Trauma
        • Trauma, Radiodermatitis
        • Trauma, Sexual Assault
        • Trauma, Radical Vulvectomy
        • Trauma, Piercing
        • Trauma, Surgically Induced Hematoma
      5. Female Genital Cutting
    2. Red Conditions
      1. Red Papules
        • Folliculitis
        • Scabies
        • Angiokeratoma
        • Molluscum Contagiosum
        • Pediculosis (Pubic Lice)
        • Cherry Angioma
        • Hidradenitis Suppurativa
        • Cutaneous Lichen Planus
        • Hailey-Hailey disease
        • Erythema Multiforme (major and minor)
      2. Red Nodules
        • Epidermal Cyst, inflamed
        • Bartholin Duct Abscess
        • Urethral Caruncle
        • Urethral Prolapse
        • Molluscum Contagiosum (inflamed)
        • Hidradenitis Suppurativa
        • Furuncles (“boils”)
        • Vulvar Intraepithelial Neoplasia (VIN)
        • Pyogenic Granuloma
        • Hidradenoma Papilliferum (Mammary-like Gland Adenoma)
        • Melanoma (amelanotic type)
        • Prurigo Nodularis
        • Squamous Cell Carcinoma
        • Erythema Multiforme (major and minor)
      3. Red Patches and Plaques
        • Candidiasis
        • Dermatophytosis
        • Intertrigo
        • Erythrasma
        • Psoriasis
        • Vulvodynia
        • Atrophy
        • Lichen Simplex Chronicus
        • Contact Dermatitis, Allergic and Irritant
        • Eczematous dermatitis
        • Lichen Sclerosus
        • Lichen Planus
        • Cellulitis, Erysipelas
        • Steroid Rosacea
        • Vulvar intraepithelial Neoplasia (VIN)
        • Vulvitis Plasma Cellularis (Plasma Cell (Zoon’s) Vulvitis)
        • Fixed Drug Eruption
        • Basal Cell Carcinoma
        • Methicillin Resistant Staph Aureus (MRSA)
        • Progestogen Hypersensitivity
        • Hailey-Hailey Disease
        • Trauma, Foreign Body
        • Trauma, Surgically Induced Hematoma
        • Trauma, Radiodermatitis
        • Trauma, Sexual Assault
        • Semen allergy
        • Extramammary Paget Disease
        • Necrotizing Fasciitis
    3. White Conditions
      1. White Papules and Nodules
        • Syringoma
        • Fordyce Spots, Sebaceous Hyperplasia
        • Human Papilloma Virus (Warts)
        • Molluscum Contagiosum
        • Epidermal Cyst, Milia
        • Vulvar Intraepithelial Neoplasia (VIN)
        • Cutaneous Lichen Planus
        • Syphilis (Condyloma lata)
        • Squamous Cell Carcinoma
        • Hailey-Hailey Disease
      2. White Patches and Plaques
        • Vitiligo
        • Lichen Simplex Chronicus
        • Lichen Sclerosus
        • Lichen Planus
        • Post-Inflammatory Hypopigmentation
        • Vulvar Intraepithelial Neoplasia (VIN)
        • Psoriasis
        • Squamous Cell Carcinoma
    4. Blistering Conditions
      1. Vesicles and Bullae
        • Herpes Simplex
        • Herpes Zoster
        • Eczematous Dermatitis, Acute
        • Fixed Drug Eruption
        • Bullous Pemphigoid
        • Cicatricial Pemphigoid
        • Stephens-Johnson Syndrome/Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (TENS)
        • Lymphangioma Circumscriptum
      2. Pustules
        • Candidiasis (Candidosis)
        • Folliculitis
    5. Erosions and ulcers
      1. Erosions
        • Eczematous Dermatitis (Excoriations)
        • Lichen Simplex Chronicus (Excoriations)
        • Contact Dermatitis (Excoriations)
        • Lichen Planus (Erosive)
        • Fissures (associated with many conditions)
        • Hidradenitis Suppurativa
        • Vulvar Intraepithelial Neoplasia (VIN), Eroded Variant
        • Fixed Drug Eruption
        • Extramammary Paget Disease
        • Trauma, Burns
        • Stephens-Johnson Syndrome/Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (TENS)
        • Pemphigus Vulgaris
      2. Ulcers
        • Chancroid
        • Herpes Simplex
        • Herpes Zoster
        • Hidradenitis Suppurativa
        • Aphthous Ulcers (Aphthous Minor, Aphthous Major, Lipschütz Ulcer)
        • Crohn Disease
        • Behcet Disease
        • Lichen Planus
        • Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Ulcerated
        • Melanoma, Ulcerated
        • Syphilis, Primary (Chancre)
        • Lymphogranuloma Venerum
        • Granuloma Inguinale
      3. Lacerations
        • Trauma, Accidental
        • Trauma, Piercing
    6. Dark-colored (brown, blue or black) conditions
      1. Dark-Colored Papules and Nodules
        • Melanoma
        • Human Papilloma Virus Infection (Warts)
        • Hidradenitis Suppurativa
        • Angiokeratoma
        • Melanocytic Nevus
        • Seborrheic Keratosis
        • Hidradenoma Papilliferum (Mammary-like Gland Adenoma)
      2. Dark-Colored Patches and Plaques
        • Melanocytic Nevus
        • Acanthosis Nigricans
        • Melanosis (Lentiginosis)
        • Basal Cell Carcinoma
        • Post-Inflammatory Hyperpigmentation
        • Melanoma
      3. Other Dark-Colored Conditions
        • Trauma, Tattoos
        • Vulvar Varicosities
    7. Skin-colored conditions
      1. Skin-Colored Papules and Nodules
        • Neurofibroma
        • Lipoma
        • Acrochordon, (Fibroepithelial Polyp, Skin Tag)
        • Human Papilloma Virus Infection, (Warts)
        • Molluscum Contagiosum
        • Vestibular Mucinous Cysts
        • Epidermal Cyst
        • Bartholin Gland Cyst
        • Vestibular Papillomatosis
        • Vulvar Intraepithelial Neoplasia (VIN)
        • Intradermal Nevus
        • Hidradenoma Papilliferum (Mammary-like Gland Tumor)
        • Fox-Fordyce Disease
      2. Skin-Colored Patches and Plaques
        • Lichen Simplex Chronicus (LSC)
        • Vulvar Intraepithelial Neoplasia (VIN)
    8. Edema (Mild vulvar edema may occur with any inflammatory vulvar disease)
      1. Skin-Colored Edema
        • Bartholin duct cyst
        • Vulvar Edema: Angioedema from Inflammation or Infection
        • Vulvar Edema from Acquired Lymphedema: Post-Radiation and Post-Surgical Lymphatic Obstruction; Post-Infectious and Post-Inflammatory Sdema
        • Congenital Lymphedema: Milroy’s Disease
        • Vulvar Edema from Pregnancy
        • Trauma, Surgically Induced Hematoma
        • Crohn Disease
        • Hidradenitis Suppurativa
      2. Pink or Red Edema
        • Vulvar Edema from Venous Obstruction (Pregnancy, Parturition)
        • Edema, Hematoma
        • Cellulitis (Primary or Superimposed on Already Existing Edema)
        • Inflamed Bartholin Duct Cyst
  • List of Atlas Topics

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Fissures

Fissures


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Fissures

Fissures

Fissures


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Fissures

Fissures

Fissures


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Fissures

Fissures

Fissures


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Fissures

Fissures

Fissures


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Fissures

Candidiasis

Painful fissures on perineum in fissuring candidiasis.


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Candidiasis

A Pathway to Diagnosis and Treatment. Clear steps to clinical proficiency beyond yeast, bacterial vaginosis, and STIs.

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